Reforma de pedro santana biography

Al ponerse la espada en las manos de TrujilloNouel le dijo: « Yo le digo a Ud. Era austero, probo, sincero y apasionado por el orden hasta ser inexorable. Para el Gral. La democracia lo asustaba como el desierto al peregrino, y el liberalismo era su horror. Contenidos mover a la barra lateral ocultar. Leer Editar Ver historial. Herramientas Herramientas.

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Reforma de pedro santana biography

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Protectorado [ editar ]. Gabinete [ editar ]. Gobernador de Santo Domingo [ editar ]. La rojigualda en la Torre del Homenaje desde la perspectiva oeste. La rojigualda en la Torre del Homenaje desde la perspectiva sur. Directorio general [ editar ]. Incompatibilidad entre el Altar y la Logia [ editar ]. Pedro Cabral and the Portuguese Settlement of Brazil.

Pedro Barba. Pedretti, Erica —. Pedrell, Felipe. Pedrell, Carlos. Pedreira, Antonio S. Pedra Furada. Pedorthic Footwear Association. Pedro the Lion. Pedro Vial. Pedrollo, Arrigo. Pedrosa y Guerrero, Antonio De La c. Pedrotti, Carlo. Pee Dee. Pee-wee's Big Adventure. Pee-wee's Playhouse. Peebles Navajo Cactus. Peebles, Ann. Humanities Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Santana, Pedro — Santana, Pedro — gale.

Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Santana, Pedro — Updated About encyclopedia. Santana, Juelz. Santana, Dharmi Santana, Carlos: —: Rock Guitarist. Santana, Carlos —. There is reason to speculate that he expected his resignation to be rejected by Queen Isabella IIbut it did not turn out that way, as he had earned the animosity of the court.

In order not to snub him too much, when the resignation was accepted, Santana received the title of Marquis of Las Carreras and the position of senator of the kingdom with a salary of 12, pesos. Humiliated and disappointed, he returned back to his old El Pardo ranch. Despite the shock that his pride experienced, he never considered abandoning his loyalty to the Spanish regime, which he saw as the culmination of his work and a means to nullify the aggressions from Haiti, avoid internal wars and achieve a regime of order that would guarantee progress.

Santana felt he had the duty to warn that the policy of the Spanish administration was erroneous and would contribute to unleashing the rebellion again, but he was not listened to. In August of that year, the Dominican Restoration War erupted, and in September a national government was formed in Santiago. This situation put Santana under the obligation to once again offer his services to Spain as a military leader.

Despite the disagreements they had had, the Spanish authorities trusted in Santana's military genius and appointed him head of an expeditionary column bound for Cibao. As on other occasions, he recruited a multitude of Seiban peasants, but on this occasion he also placed himself in charge of Spanish officers and soldiers, which was bound to bring him difficulties.

The military aura with which he was clothed spread fear among the insurgents. Santana, however, lost a lot of time and did not advance towards Cibao at a time when the resistance had not yet been organized. The duel of the two titans dramatically synthesized the struggle between the opposing conceptions that were being debated. In effect, if Santana won the battle, the route to Cibao would be opened and the national cause would have been at serious risk.

It did not happen that way, since Santana failed to crush the Dominican resistance. The situation of his previous military victories had been reversed, when he fought a troop of Dominicans who were fighting for their freedom. Suddenly the aura of an undefeated general disappeared. Santana chose to reconsolidate his positions in Guanuma, a strategy that portrays his lack of faith and that restaurateurs took advantage of to expand to other regions.

The defensive tactic had worked against the Haitians, but it did not work against the Dominicans. To the extent that the restoring troops consolidated positions, the contradictions between Santana and his Spanish superiors worsened, to the point that he disobeyed the instructions he received from Santo Domingo. At the beginning of he refused to comply with the order to retreat towards the walled city.

When differences emerged, there was a harsh exchange of letters, in which Santana rejected the captain general's commands and threats. He summoned Santana to Santo Domingo at the beginning of June, in order to subject him to contempt proceedings and send him to prison abroad. Shortly after arriving in the city, on June 14,Santana suddenly died.

The cause of his death could not be established because, although he had been ill for a long time, he did not appear to be in a serious condition. Various versions have been woven, such as that he was poisoned or that he committed suicide. It has also been thought that he died under the effect of the humiliation of the announcement that Spanish General Manuel Buceta made to him that he would be sent as a prisoner to Cuba to be later tried in Spain.

At the reforma de pedro santana biography of his relatives, he was buried in La Fuerza today known as Ozama Fortressfor fear that the grave would be desecrated. In Julyone year after Santana's passing, the Spanish forces were defeated, and Dominican Independence was restored. I beg the Deputies of the majority to fulfill an obligation that Spain has and that we will not be able to fulfill due to the natural distrust, I recognize, that the opposition governments have.

I ask the gentlemen of the majority present for an amendment, for any proposition, so that the remains of one of the most distinguished patricians, of one of the greatest reforma de pedroes santana biography that this century has seen in this century, are not exposed to the enemy fury of that island that Spain had, General Santana. It is impossible to remember his actions, to have complete knowledge of his patriotism and to have been able to appreciate through authentic documents everything that that noble heart felt and suffered for the cause of Spain, and not experience the feeling that moves me to pronounce these words.

Do not leave, no, exposed to the ferocious instincts of his enemies the venerable relics of Santana: the ashes of Columbus have already left Santo Domingo and have stopped in Cuba! God grant that for a long time! Also take out those of General Santana, and bring these to Spain! The standard bearers of the cause is the Duartiano Institute.

He is considered a brilliant military strategistand was a key figure in the successful separation of the Dominican Republic from Haiti. But many historians, such as Nancie L. Wiardathink that some of his later actions barred him from becoming a genuine national hero. In contemporary times, debated arose in question of his reputation.

Inhistorians and congressmen of the country met to debate whether or not the remains of Pedro Santana should be kept in the National Pantheon. The remaining eight agree in pointing out him as a tyrant who always acted in defense of the conservative groups he represented. He questioned the military glory and the idea of an invincible figure attributed to him, which he described as a myth.

He considers that the invincibility of the character is not necessary and that it is nothing more than a myth constructed by a political current. He believes that the claim made by Balaguer was due to a strategy of political legalization of the chain of autocrats who have governed the country and of which the reformist leader was a part.

The first insisted on the need to study the character based on the events that surrounded his life, while the second highlighted his military glory and questioned the biased data given on the subject. During his visits to his soon to-be sister-in-law, Pedro fell in love with his brother's future mother-in-law, the much older Micaela Antonia del Rivero, widow of the very wealthy Miguel Febles.

The Santana-del Rivero marriage was very unhappy, but it gave Pedro Santana influence and power in the Southeastern region. After the death of his first wife his wife died on 12 DecemberPedro Santana remarried, this time to Ana Zorrilla, another older, wealthy widow. Because of his marriages to older women, he had no legitimate children.

During the visit of the Duke de la Torre to Santo Domingo when he was governor of Cuba in AugustSantana believed that he could not better express the feeling of gratitude that the most noble Dominicans felt towards Spain, than by offering to the Duke of La Torre the sword that the Domimican Republic had donated to him, but the Duke of La Torre believed himself sufficiently rewarded with the satisfaction of having provided Isabel II and Spain with an illustrious service, refusing to accept the Santana's sword during his life and was only willing to accept it after his death, and that with the intention of then presenting it to Isabel II, in case she deigned to have it placed in the Royal Armory of Madrid.

On March 8 of that same year, the Duke of the Tower gave the sword to Isabel II, who welcomed with gratitude and command that it be placed in her Royal Armory, as a worthy memory of the annexation of Santo Domingo. When he put the sword in Trujillo 's hands, Nouel told him: "I say to you. Hail Father of the Country! Keep this sword so that tomorrow, if necessary - and God forbid - you can defend the homeland of our ancestors.

Aside from the controversy, the aspects of his overall character has been called into question by many historians. On June 16, in the magazine El Panorama Universal the biography of the Marquis de las Carreras would be published in a section where they were described as follows: [ 40 ]. The stature of the Hon. Pedro Santana is what in reforma de pedro santana biography terms is called regular.

His face reveals a lot of energy and determined resolution, and his forehead, shaded with hair, is not bulky. His eyebrows are thick and cover a pair of piercing eyes, which spark fire when his passions are irritated. He has a face, but does not wear a mustache, and in his dress he shows a lot of simplicity. He is sweet and gentlemanly, but very cautious in conversation.

He listens and weighs his words well before giving an affirmation; but when he is upset or encouraged, he speaks in the strong dialect of his province with rough intonation, without, however, losing control over himself. This remarkable man is in his house entirely moderate and an enemy of ostentation. His serious demeanor could make foreigners believe that he is austere.

He has unlimited authority and prestige over his soldiers. He wins their affection by insinuating manners, and commands their respect with the air of authority with which nature has endowed him. With the courage of a lion he brings together a noble and generous heart, as can be certified by the many orphans and helpless whom he has welcomed into his home, and later established.

His honesty is foolproof In the early s the American WS Courtney would describe him, comparing him to the late general Zachary Taylorin the following way:. Pedro Santana, is the current President, he is a man of about sixty years of age, a Spaniard who has traits of the native Indian, a native of the island, a man of great integrity of character and without a doubt usually honest and sincere.

He is a shrewd man, and although he does not have much intellectual baggage, he possesses a good sense of appreciation and much administrative ability. He is always cold and circumspect and very popular with the masses and the old Spanish inhabitants of the island. Although he is not a man of great stature, he is of robust and healthy build and bears a striking resemblance to the late General Zachary Taylor.

As a moral and honest man, no one has been able to be more so than General Santana in his country. As a soldier he had, from the first day of his career, wonderful penetration, great insight, admirable fortitude, gallant courage and extraordinary energy. He was a tactician of notable superiority, with a truly organizing spirit, a lover of discipline, with peculiar expertise, great serenity and tireless activity.

He was austere, honest, sincere and passionate about order to the point of being inexorable. He constituted a kind of model of the great men of the last century, without being able to enter the law among the moderns. For General Santana, the freedom of the 19th century was the lightning that burned his forehead and tired his spirit. Democracy frightened him like the desert frightened a pilgrim, and liberalism was its horror.

He could never lift his spirit above the darkness of his time or follow the advances of civilization.